Номер 1, страница 238 - гдз по английскому языку 9 класс учебник Лапицкая, Демченко

Unit eight. Lesson three. Exercises one B four B.

Communication is the ability to share information. The word telecommunication comes from Greek and means communication over a distance.

It is a general term for systems or technologies that are used in sending and receiving messages over a distance electronically. Mobile and satellite phones, radio, television and networks.

There was a time when cave paintings appeared on the rocks to tell the story of people's culture, but real communication began with language. Storytelling was used to tell stories before there were books. People ran to deliver messages faster. When running with a message, to deliver it in spoken form, it is safer to do it by yourself. Sending anyone else is unreliable. So, a system of writing was necessary.

When writing appeared, messages on stone columns communicated very well across time, but they were an inefficient method of communication across space. The system became more efficient when it was the message that traveled. People ran with the written messages, rode horses to save time.

For example, the network of Persian roads in the fifth century B. C. made communication faster and more reliable. New men and fresh horses were available at posting stations.

What helped to make communication even more efficient was the Aramaic language as a lingua franca used in ancient Persia. There were forms of long distance communication not based on words.

The smoke signals used by American Indians are of this kind. So are fires, which usually meant danger or victory.

Ancient Egypt was the first country where birds, domesticated pigeons, were used for sending messages.

The true jump came with the electricity, leading to the telegraph and signal lamps. Eighteen forty-three was the year when Samuel Morse proposed a way to give every letter a number a special code: point, line and space. It was Morse's symbol code, which we can still find use today. Seven years later, Antonio Meucci and Alexander Graham Bell independently managed to build an early telephone. It was Bell who managed to register it first. Many other innovations were soon to come.

In eighteen ninety-five, Guglielmo Marconi invented the wireless telegraph, radio. Alexander Popov from Russia, whose invention of the radio came before Marconi's, did not patent it. In nineteen twenty-five, the television was invented. In nineteen forty-seven, transistors. In nineteen sixty-nine, the first microprocessor.

The rest of the story is widely known. In nineteen sixty-nine, a military project gave birth to the internet. Email began to take place of snail mail.

In short, telecommunication has come a long way from cave paintings and smoke signals. Maybe someday we will have a mental connection with things, so all we have to do is think. Only the future will tell.