Номер 2, страница 186, часть 2 - гдз по английскому языку 8 класс учебник Демченко, Севрюкова

2. a. Read the explanation below. Look at the pictures and compare them. Think of the puppets' appearance, clothes, expression of the face, character. Which of them is a marionette [,mæriə'net]? Which is a glove puppet? Which is more difficult to control?

A hand puppet is a puppet that is controlled by the hand put inside the puppet, sometimes it is also called a glove puppet because an actor puts it on his hand like a glove. A marionette is a puppet controlled from above with the help of wires (проволоки / дроту) or strings (струн, веревочек / струн, вяровачак).

b. Are the following statements about Punch and Judy true or false?

1. Punch is an attractive character.

2. During the show, there are only two characters on the stage.

3. Punch and Judy is an interactive show.

4. Punch has been in England since the middle of the 17^th century.

5. His name comes from the word “punch” which means “hit with a fist” (кулаком / кулаком).

6. It's not hard to find characters like Punch in other cultures.

7. The Punch and Judy show has always been a show for children.

8. The show is usually performed (исполняется, представляется / выконваецца, паказваецца) at the theatre.

c. Read the information and check your guesses.

In 2006, the Punch and Judy show was named one of the first 12 icons ['aɪkənz] (= symbols) of Englishness, together with a cup of tea, Stonehenge, “Alice in Wonderland”, and the red double-decker. The reason for this was simple: people thought it had become a strong part of the nation’s collective childhood memory.

Punch and Judy is a very popular puppet show which children love to watch. It is traditionally shown at the seaside in a small red-and-white striped booth (будке / будыцы) which can easily be transported. The characters are all glove puppets. The story is told by a man called “The Professor”. The show consists of short scenes each showing an interaction (взаимодействие / узаемадзеянне) between Mr Punch and one other character: his wife Judy, the Baby, the Policeman, the Crocodile, and so on. The main character has a big stick and hits the other characters with it, saying “That’s the way to do it!”. The puppets usually interact with the spectators by asking them questions and involving them in the story.

One may think that Punch and Judy are English, but their origins actually lie in 16^th century Italy! A puppet play was first recorded in England on 9 May 1662 in the diary of Samuel Pepys and this date is known as Punch’s birthday. The show was performed in Covent Garden, London, by an Italian puppet showman who used not glove puppets but marionettes. English showmen knew a good thing when they saw one. So they adopted the character, together with his big red nose, ridiculous voice, and a wicked sense of humour because he could be used to comment on politics of the day. The Italian name “Pulcinella” [,pʌltʃɪ'nelə] turned into English “Punchinello” and soon was shortened to just Punch.

During the 18^th century, Punch made himself at home in Britain and became very popular. The same process took place in other parts of Europe and resulted in Punch’s European cousins. One of them is Petrushka in Russia. By the middle of the century, Punch had changed his plain white Italian costume for the red-and-yellow clothes of the English fool. Marionette shows were normally shown at theatres and were expensive to produce. By the end of the century, glove puppet versions of the Punch show performed in small mobile booths had become a common sight on city streets and country lanes. It is interesting to note that, as a marionette, Punch didn’t have a play of his own, as a glove-puppet, Punch was on the stage all the time.

When railways appeared in the 1840s they brought travel to the masses and took crowds to the seaside. This made Punch and Judy go to the coast too. They soon became as much part of traditional British beach fun as sand castles, paddling (шлёпанье по мелководью / шлёпанне па мелкаводдзю), and donkey rides. At the end of the 19^th century, the show transformed into a popular puppet show for children, a role in which Punch saw the 20^th century and met the 21^st century. To celebrate his 350^th birthday in 2012, Mr Punch was treated to a year of parties and was the focus of a six-month exhibition [,eksɪ'bɪʃn] (выставка / выстаўка) at the Victoria & Albert Museum of Childhood.

d. Make a timeline of Mr. Punch’s theatrical tradition marking the most important moments and changes.

e. What puppet is shown in each picture?

Do you know that ...

e. Какая кукла изображена на каждой картинке?

Ответ:

e. Picture 1 shows a marionette (Pulcinella). Picture 2 shows a glove puppet (Petrushka). Picture 3 shows glove puppets (Punch and the Crocodile).

Перевод:

e. На картинке 1 изображена марионетка (Пульчинелла). На картинке 2 изображена перчаточная кукла (Петрушка). На картинке 3 изображены перчаточные куклы (Панч и Крокодил).