номер 1, страница 13, часть 2 - гдз по английскому языку 10 класс учебник Демченко, Юхнель

LESSON 3. A dreamer who never woke up

Communicative area: reading and speaking about a famous artist and his creative work

Active vocabulary: vibrant, heritage, to pay homage

1. a. Answer the questions.

1. A representative of what art movement is Marc Chagall? 2. What kinds of art is Marc Chagall's creative work linked with? 3. What are his most famous artworks?

b. Read Marc Chagall's biography and check your ideas.

Widely admired by both his contemporaries and later artists, Marc Chagall (1887–1985) is considered the “last master of European modernism”. He borrowed elements from different modern art trends but didn't belong to any specific style or movement. With his otherworldly images of blue cows, flying lovers, biblical scenes and green-faced violinists the artist was definitely one of a kind.

Born into a poor Jewish ['dʒu:ɪʃ] family, Marc Chagall was the eldest of nine children. Still his childhood was happily filled with children, farm animals, music, dance, folklore, and jokes. At the age of 19, he met Yehuda Pen, who recognised his talent and invited the young man to study painting free of charge. A few months later, Chagall moved to St Petersburg, where he learnt how to do realistic landscapes and self-portraits. Then he studied under Léon Bakst, who introduced him to decorative art and other art forms.

In 1910, he left for Paris, where the young artist attended classes at free academies of fine arts and visited all kinds of exhibitions and galleries. He discovered new ideas and new artists, such as Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse. Chagall also developed the features that became recognisable trademarks of his art: vibrant ['vaɪbrənt] colours portraying the world in a dreamlike state. (1. ...) His first one-man exhibition in Berlin in 1914, just before the beginning of World War I, was a success.

Life was hard during wartime but it was a joyful period for Chagall: he returned to Vitebsk and in 1915 married Bella Rosenfeld, a woman who became his greatest love and inspiration for life. (2. ...)

For some time after the 1917 revolution Marc Chagall was a director of the new Academy of Art in Vitebsk. However, he became disappointed with the work in the school because of the differences with his colleagues and left for Moscow. There, the artist designed costumes and settings for the Jewish Chamber Theatre.

In 1922, Chagall found that his art had fallen out of favour and together with his family he left Russia. New horizons opened for the painter when he was commissioned to make illustrations for Gogol's Dead Souls and La Fontaine's fables. Chagall also travelled a lot and after a journey to Palestine started working on the Bible. He also published his autobiography he had been writing since 1911. Chagall's work during this period brought him new success as an artist, and he had a number of exhibitions. However, as his popularity was spreading so was the threat of fascism. His works were removed from galleries in Germany and some were burnt. Chagall's horror at the Nazi's rise to power is expressed in his 1938 masterpiece White Crucifixion. (3. ...)

In 1941, Marc Chagall and his family had to move to the United States. There he got involved in designing settings and costumes for the New York Ballet. In 1944, his wife died suddenly, and it was such a shock to him that the artist couldn't paint for a year.

Marc Chagall returned to France in 1948. In the post-war years his artwork turned biblical, reflecting his Jewish heritage ['herɪtɪdʒ]. He took an interest in interior design and monumental art. He discovered sculpture and ceramics, designed mosaics and tapestries and created a series of stunning stained-glass windows for the Medical Centre in Jerusalem, the UN building in New York and several churches and cathedrals around the world. (4. ...) Chagall became one of very few artists to exhibit work at the Louvre during their lifetime when the museum organised an exhibition of his works to pay homage ['hɒmɪdʒ] to the 90-year-old artist.

Урок 3 Мечтатель, который никогда не проснулся

Упражнение 1, страница 13

а) Ответьте на вопросы

1. К какому художественному направлению принадлежит Марк Шагал?

2. К каким видам искусства относится творчество Марка Шагала?

3. Какие его самые известные работы?

Возможные варианты ответов:

1. Marc Chagall is considered a representative of Surrealism, although his style also combines elements of Modernism, Cubism, and Fauvism. Many critics say he was a forerunner of Surrealism because his paintings often feature dreamlike and fantastic scenes.
— Марк Шагал считается представителем сюрреализма, хотя его стиль также сочетает элементы модернизма, кубизма и фовизма. Многие критики говорят, что он был предшественником сюрреализма, потому что его картины часто изображают сновидческие и фантастические сцены.

2. His creative work is linked with painting, stained glass, book illustrations, theatre set design, ceramics, tapestry, and murals. He created stained glass windows for churches, synagogues, and public buildings, including the UN headquarters.
— Его творчество связано с живописью, витражами, книжными иллюстрациями, театральными декорациями, керамикой, гобеленами и фресками. Он создавал витражи для церквей, синагог и общественных зданий, включая штаб-квартиру ООН.

3. His most famous artworks include "I and the Village" (1911), "The Fiddler" (1912), "Above the Town" (1918), the ceiling of the Paris Opera House (1964), and the stained glass windows for the Hadassah Hospital in Jerusalem (1962) and for Saint Stephen's Cathedral in Mainz (1978).
— Его самые известные произведения включают «Я и деревня» (1911), «Скрипач» (1912), «Над городом» (1918), плафон Парижской оперы (1964), а также витражи для больницы «Адасса» в Иерусалиме (1962) и для Майнцкого собора Святого Стефана (1978).

b) Прочитайте биографию Марка Шагала и проверьте свои выводы.

Born into a poor Jewish family, Marc Chagall was the eldest of nine children. Still his childhood was happily filled with children, farm animals, music, dance, folklore, and jokes. At the age of 19, he met Yehuda Pen, who recognised his talent and invited the young man to study painting free of charge. A few months later, Chagall moved to St Petersburg, where he learnt how to do realistic landscapes and self-portraits. Then he studied under Léon Bakst, who introduced him to decorative art and other art forms.
— Родившись в бедной еврейской семье, Марк Шагал был старшим из девяти детей. Тем не менее, его детство было счастливым и наполненным детьми, домашними животными, музыкой, танцами, фольклором и шутками. В возрасте 19 лет он встретил Иегуду Пэна, который признал его талант и пригласил юношу учиться живописи бесплатно. Несколько месяцев спустя Шагал переехал в Санкт-Петербург, где научился писать реалистичные пейзажи и автопортреты. Затем он учился у Леона Бакста, который познакомил его с декоративным искусством и другими видами искусства.

In 1910, he left for Paris, where the young artist attended classes at free academies of fine arts and visited all kinds of exhibitions and galleries. He discovered new ideas and new artists, such as Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse. Chagall also developed the features that became recognisable trademarks of his art: vibrant colours portraying the world in a dreamlike state. (1. ...) His first one-man exhibition in Berlin in 1914, just before the beginning of World War I, was a success.
— В 1910 году он уехал в Париж, где молодой художник посещал занятия в бесплатных академиях изящных искусств и бывал на всевозможных выставках и в галереях. Он открыл для себя новые идеи и новых художников, таких как Пабло Пикассо и Анри Матисс. Шагал также выработал черты, ставшие узнаваемыми отличительными знаками его искусства: яркие цвета, изображающие мир в сноподобном состоянии. (1. ...) Его первая персональная выставка в Берлине в 1914 году, незадолго до начала Первой мировой войны, имела успех.

Life was hard during wartime but it was a joyful period for Chagall: He returned to Vitebsk and in 1915 married Bella Rosenfeld, a woman who became his greatest love and inspiration for life. (2. ...)
Жизнь во время войны была тяжёлой, но для Шагала это был радостный период: он вернулся в Витебск и в 1915 году женился на Белле Розенфельд – женщине, которая стала его величайшей любовью и вдохновением на всю жизнь. (2. ...)

For some time after the 1917 revolution Marc Chagall was a director of the new Academy of Art in Vitebsk. However, he became disappointed with the work in the school because of the differences with his colleagues and left for Moscow. There, the artist designed costumes and settings for the Jewish Chamber Theatre.
— Некоторое время после революции 1917 года Марк Шагал был директором новой Академии художеств в Витебске. Однако он разочаровался в работе в школе из-за разногласий с коллегами и уехал в Москву. Там художник создавал костюмы и декорации для Еврейского камерного театра.

In 1922, Chagall found that his art had fallen out of favour and together with his family he left Russia. New horizons opened for the painter when he was commissioned to make illustrations for Gogol's Dead Souls and La Fontaine's fables. Chagall also travelled a lot and after a journey to Palestine started working on the Bible. He also published his autobiography he had been writing since 1911. Chagall's work during this period brought him new success as an artist, and he had a number of exhibitions. However, as his popularity was spreading so was the threat of fascism. His works were removed from galleries in Germany and some were burnt. Chagall's horror at the Nazi's rise to power is expressed in his 1938 masterpiece White Crucifixion. (3. ...)
В 1922 году Шагал понял, что его искусство вышло из моды, и вместе с семьей покинул Россию. Перед художником открылись новые горизонты, когда он получил заказ на создание иллюстраций к «Мёртвым душам» Гоголя и басням Лафонтена. Шагал также много путешествовал, и после поездки в Палестину начал работать над Библией. Он также опубликовал свою автобиографию, которую писал с 1911 года. Работы Шагала в этот период принесли ему новый успех как художнику, и у него прошёл ряд выставок. Однако по мере того, как росла его популярность, росла и угроза фашизма. Его работы были изъяты из галерей в Германии, а некоторые были сожжены. Ужас Шагала перед приходом нацистов к власти выражен в его шедевре 1938 года «Белое распятие». (3. ...)

In 1941, Marc Chagall and his family had to move to the United States. There he got involved in designing settings and costumes for the New York Ballet. In 1944, his wife died suddenly, and it was such a shock to him that the artist couldn't paint for a year.
— В 1941 году Марк Шагал и его семья вынуждены были переехать в Соединённые Штаты. Там он занялся созданием декораций и костюмов для Нью-Йоркского балета. В 1944 году его жена внезапно умерла, и это было таким ударом для него, что художник не мог писать целый год.

Marc Chagall returned to France in 1948. In the post-war years his artwork turned biblical, reflecting his Jewish heritage. He took an interest in interior design and monumental art. He discovered sculpture and ceramics, designed mosaics and tapestries and created a series of stunning stained-glass windows for the Medical Centre in Jerusalem, the UN building in New York and several churches and cathedrals around the world. (4. ...) Chagall became one of very few artists to exhibit work at the Louvre during their lifetime when the museum organised an exhibition of his works to pay homage to the 90-year-old artist.
— Марк Шагал вернулся во Францию в 1948 году. В послевоенные годы его творчество стало библейским, отражая его еврейское наследие. Он заинтересовался дизайном интерьеров и монументальным искусством. Он открыл для себя скульптуру и керамику, создавал мозаики и гобелены, а также создал серию потрясающих витражей для Медицинского центра в Иерусалиме, здания ООН в Нью-Йорке и нескольких церквей и соборов по всему миру. (4. ...) Шагал стал одним из очень немногих художников, у которых при жизни были выставлены работы в Лувре, когда музей организовал выставку его работ, чтобы воздать должное 90-летнему художнику.

1. a. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Представителем какого художественного направления является Марк Шагал?

2. С какими видами искусства связано творчество Марка Шагала?

3. Каковы его самые известные произведения искусства?

Ответ:

1. Marc Chagall is considered a master of European modernism. However, he borrowed elements from different modern art trends but didn't belong to any specific style or movement.

2. Marc Chagall's creative work is linked with painting, decorative art, book illustrations, designing settings and costumes for theatre and ballet, sculpture, ceramics, mosaics, tapestries, and stained-glass windows.

3. His 1938 masterpiece is White Crucifixion. He is also famous for his illustrations for Gogol's Dead Souls and La Fontaine's fables, stained-glass windows for the Medical Centre in Jerusalem and the UN building in New York, and designing settings and costumes for the New York Ballet.

Перевод:

1. Марк Шагал считается мастером европейского модернизма. Однако он заимствовал элементы из различных направлений современного искусства, но не принадлежал к какому-либо определённому стилю или течению.

2. Творчество Марка Шагала связано с живописью, декоративным искусством, книжными иллюстрациями, созданием декораций и костюмов для театра и балета, скульптурой, керамикой, мозаикой, гобеленами и витражами.

3. Его шедевром 1938 года является «Белое распятие». Он также известен своими иллюстрациями к «Мёртвым душам» Гоголя и басням Лафонтена, витражами для Медицинского центра в Иерусалиме и здания ООН в Нью-Йорке, а также созданием декораций и костюмов для Нью-Йоркского балета.