Номер 3, страница 151, часть 2 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Демченко, Бушуева

3. a. Match the words in bold with their definitions.

When we speak about people of different nationalities, we often use stereotypes and generalisations which are:

a) often unfair or untrue beliefs or ideas of what groups of other people are like;
b) statements about all the members of a group that may be true in some or many situations but not true in every case.

It is easy to make a generalisation out of a stereotype by saying Many people... instead of All people...

b. Read the article and say what made the author unhappy.

Generalisations about cultures or nationalities can be a source of pride, anger or simply bad jokes. Some people say that in all stereotypes there is some basis in reality, as they don’t develop in a vacuum. Such stereotypes mostly concern appearance, language, food, habits, psychological traits, attitudes, values etc.

Please take everything below with a grain of salt; as I only summed up what others wrote on the internet. We all know that there are black and white sheep in every herd. I tried to strike a balance between positive and negative national or individual personality traits – but sometimes it was very difficult due to lack of positive stereotypes.

It is said that Americans are arrogant; harsh; open-minded; materialistic; ambitious; progressive; efficient; straightforward; practical; fast food eaters.

It is believed that Australians are nature lovers; sometimes shallow but honest; open-minded; love to joke; meat eaters; sports lovers; surf all day – drink all night.

It is expected that Brazilians are impulsive; always late; carnivals addicts; soccer and coffee lovers; criminals and robbers; inventive and constructive people; family- and community-oriented; most women are super-models, most men are machos.

It is thought that Canadians are submissive, agreeable; modest; open-minded; progressive; efficient; straightforward; polite; respectful; anxious; law-abiding and tolerant; anti-American; passive. They care for handicapped / elderly / minorities. They don’t like successful people.

It is said that the Chinese are hard-working, fast-learners; open-minded; ambitious; progressive; business-oriented; great at mathematics; terrible drivers; arrogant; assertive; very “short” but “bigger” than Japanese; cheap labour; do kung fu; wear glasses; pirate and copy everything; don’t value contracts; drink green tea; eat everything that lives.

c. Match the words in bold with their definitions.

a) someone who thinks they are better or more important than other people and behaves in a way that is rude and too confident;
b) worried and tense because of possible misfortune, danger;
c) behaving in a confident way in which you are quick to express your opinions and feelings;
d) clear and honest;
e) cruel, unpleasantly rough, or severe;
f) able to think of new, different, or interesting ideas;
g) respectful of the law and obeying it;
h) a person who does not like to talk about themselves, their achievements, or their abilities, even if they are successful (not proud);
i) willing to consider ideas and opinions that are new or different to your own;
j) not interested in serious ideas, strong feelings, or other important things;
k) honest about your feelings or opinions and not hiding anything;
l) always willing to obey someone and never disagreeing with them, even if they are unkind to you;
m) willing to accept someone else’s beliefs, way of life etc without criticising them, even if you disagree with them.

d. Work in groups of three. Choose one of the nationalities described in the article and discuss.

1. Why these character traits might be true? 2. Why it is dangerous to think that all people have the same character traits?

3. a. Соотнесите выделенные жирным шрифтом слова с их определениями.

3. b. Прочитайте статью и скажите, что расстроило автора.

3. c. Соотнесите выделенные жирным шрифтом слова с их определениями.

Ответ:

3. a.
stereotypes - a
generalisations - b

3. b.
The author was unhappy because it was very difficult to strike a balance between positive and negative national or individual personality traits due to a lack of positive stereotypes.

3. c.
arrogant - a
anxious - b
assertive - c
straightforward - d
harsh - e
inventive - f
law-abiding - g
modest - h
open-minded - i
shallow - j
agreeable - k
submissive - l
tolerant - m

Перевод:

3. a.
стереотипы - a
обобщения - b

3. b.
Автор был расстроен, потому что было очень сложно найти баланс между положительными и отрицательными национальными или индивидуальными чертами характера из-за нехватки положительных стереотипов.

3. c.
высокомерный - a
тревожный - b
напористый - c
прямолинейный - d
суровый - e
изобретательный - f
законопослушный - g
скромный - h
непредубежденный/широких взглядов - i
поверхностный - j
сговорчивый - k
покорный - l
терпимый/толерантный - m