номер 2, страница 282 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Юхнель, Демченко

2. a) In pairs read one of the texts below. Each of you will read a different text (A or B). Make a list of character traits as mentioned by the writers. Compare with your list. What makes you proud? What hurts you?b) Read the text again and complete the table.

Group A

I am a British citizen and have lived in Belarus for many years. My wife is Belarusian and our children have both been educated here. Over the years I have visited all of the country's major cities and many of its towns, villages and smaller settlements. Of course people are individuals and have their own traits but I have found, at the risk of generalisation, that Belarusians have many characteristics in common.

In my experience, such as it is, Belarusians are extremely sociable both amongst themselves and with visitors. I remember meeting a man who travelled throughout the world for the Ford Motor Company and visited Belarus frequently. He told me that Belarusians were the most hospitable people he had encountered. Very often, as a stranger, I have visited a village and spontaneously been invited into a house for dinner which was always generous.

Compared to the people in many western countries Belarusian are not materialistic. This is not to say that they do not want a car, good clothes and a nice apartment. Certainly younger people, and many of their elders, have embraced new technology and have up to date cell phones and computers but consumerism does not come close in scale to what is found, say, in Europe or the States. Not many people think of shopping as a leisure activity. Over time though, this may change as the market economy develops.

One thing that always impresses foreign visitors to Belarus is the strong sense of community. Belarus is a country that, throughout its history, has suffered many hardships. People have survived because of their network of family and friends. In fact, it often seems to me, that there is little distinction made between family and friends. Wherever my wife and I have travelled throughout the country it seems that we always find a connection with someone who knows my wife or her family and will always put themselves out for us.

There is a high respect for education and culture. Most houses and apartments I have visited have a large number of books and conversation is often about complex and intellectual topics. Teachers are highly respected and viewed as professionals. I have visited many schools and am always struck by the politeness of the students and the good order and discipline of the classrooms.

The countryside holds a special place in the hearts of Belarusians. Even though Belarus has become increasingly urbanised and industrialised there always remains a link to rural life. On the weekends during the spring, summer or early autumn Minsk seems to empty out as urbanites go to their dachas. They garden, fish and the more courageous, pick mushrooms. Every city apartment seems to have a stock of preserves, the bounty of their dacha's or their country relatives gardens. The urban-countryside divide one finds in other countries does not seem so sharp in Belarus.

I have only touched on a few points, I think, which make Belarus and Belarusians distinctive. There is much more but that would take a whole book to describe.

Franklin Swartz

Group B

To be completely honest, when I was first approached to write some words about the character traits of Belarusian people I was not too happy to do so; the primary reason being that I dislike it when people categorise and stereotype others due to the colour of their skin, their religious beliefs or nationality. To say someone has a certain set of characteristics due to the boundaries they were born within is like saying Prince William, David Beckham, (Sir) Elton John, Amy Winehouse (RIP) and myself are all alike simply because we are English! Yet, despite my concerns, here I am attempting to give my best, unbiased, character analysis of the majority of Belarusians I have come into contact with during my time in this country.

In order to comment upon the average Belarusian's character, I feel that I need to divide it into three categories: 1. General; 2. Socialising with friends or spending time with family; 3. Workplace environment. The reasoning for this is that I believe there are some characteristics which most Belarusian people possess, probably due to the economic situation within the country during Soviet times and at present, combined with the fact that it seems to me many people in this country have two different personalities – one for at home and when socialising with friends or family, with another reserved for use within their workplace.

If I were to be limited to just one overall characteristic with which to describe Belarusians it would be 'resourceful'. The next adjective I would choose is 'peaceful'. I rarely see anyone lose their temper and feel very safe on the streets here, even at night. This is a stark contrast to inner-cities in my homeland. One other characteristic which I feel most here share is that of being quite careful with their money in their day to day life, which is to be expected given the average wage in comparison to the cost of living.

From my experience, this carefulness is definitely forgotten when Belarusians are celebrating a special occasion, such as New Year or a birthday, and when entertaining guests. Indeed, when these events occur I have always found the people here to be extremely generous. Also, when socialising, Belarusians are fun-loving, outgoing, humorous and very friendly. Every time I go out socialising I am approached by strangers who wish to chat with me.

However, this openness and cheerfulness is kept well hidden by almost everyone when moving around the city, and especially so when shopping or travelling on public transport! But the worst seems to occur in the workplace. Many people, who I am certain are happy, cheerful and helpful when at home or with friends, become rude and unhelpful when at work, something I have experienced from check-out girls to civil servants. I feel that all this leads to a lack of customer service within this country, no matter what that service may be. An exception to this is those who chose their profession more because of a desire to care for others than as a means to earn money, such as kindergarten teachers and doctors. Having said all of this, I do also believe that the majority of Belarusians are very professional and hard-working; they certainly spend far more hours in the workplace than their British counterparts!

On a personal level, I fully enjoy the company of Belarusian people. With very few exceptions, I find the people here to be open, warm-hearted, fun-loving and intelligent. I have also found the sense-of-humour of the majority of locals to be very similar to that of my own. Belarusians are generally very welcoming and hospitable to foreigners. I fully enjoy meeting new people and teaching here. The younger generation, especially, are always eager to learn as much as they can about different cultures and to embrace new ideas.

Ian Gowman

2. a) (p. 282) In pairs read one of the texts below. Each of you will read a different text (A or B). Make a list of character traits as mentioned by the writers. Compare with your list. What makes you proud? What hurts you?
В парах прочитайте один из приведенных ниже текстов. Каждый из вас прочтет свой текст (А или В). Составьте список черт характера, упомянутых авторами. Сравните со своим списком. Чем вы гордитесь? Что вас ранит?

b) (p. 282-285) Read the text again and complete the table.
Прочитайте текст еще раз и заполните таблицу.

Group A

I am a British citizen and have lived in Belarus for many years. My wife is Belarusian and our children have both been educated here. Over the years I have visited all of the country’s major cities and many of its towns, villages and smaller settlements. Of course people are individuals and have their own traits but I have found, at the risk of generalisation, that Belarusians have many characteristics in common.

In my experience, such as it is, Belarusians are extremely sociable both amongst themselves and with visitors. I remember meeting a man who travelled throughout the world for the Ford Motor Company and visited Belarus frequently. He told me that Belarusians were the most hospitable people he had encountered. Very often, as a stranger, I have visited a village and spontaneously been invited into a house for dinner which was always generous.

Compared to the people in many western countries Belarusian are not materialistic. This is not to say that they do not want a car, good clothes and a nice apartment. Certainly younger people, and many of their elders, have embraced new technology and have up to date cell phones and computers but consumerism does not come close in scale to what is found, say, in Europe or the States. Not many people think of shopping as a leisure activity. Over time though, this may change as the market economy develops.

One thing that always impresses foreign visitors to Belarus is the strong sense of community. Belarus is a country that, throughout its history, has suffered many hardships. People have survived because of their network of family and friends. In fact, it often seems to me, that there is little distinction made between family and friends. Wherever my wife and I have travelled throughout the country it seems that we always find a connection with someone who knows my wife or her family and will always put themselves out for us.

There is a high respect for education and culture. Most houses and apartments I have visited have a large number of books and conversation is often about complex and intellectual topics. Teachers are highly respected and viewed as professionals. I have visited many schools and am always struck by the politeness of the students and the good order and discipline of the classrooms.

The countryside holds a special place in the hearts of Belarusians. Even though Belarus has become increasingly urbanised and industrialised there always remains a link to rural life. On the weekends during the spring, summer and early autumn Minsk seems to empty out as urbanites go to their dachas. They garden, fish and the more courageous, pick mushrooms. Every city apartment seems to have a stock of preserves, the bounty of their dacha’s or their country relatives gardens. The urban/countryside divide one finds in other countries does not seem so sharp in Belarus.

I have only touched on a few points, I think, which make Belarus and Belarusians distinctive. There is much more but that would take a whole book to describe.

Franklin Swartz

Я гражданин Великобритании и уже много лет живу в Беларуси. Моя жена белоруска, и наши дети оба получили здесь образование. За эти годы я посетил все крупные города страны и многие ее поселки, деревни и небольшие поселения. Конечно, люди индивидуальны и имеют свои собственные черты, но я обнаружил, рискуя обобщить, что у белорусов много общих черт.

По моему опыту, белорусы чрезвычайно общительны как между собой, так и с посетителями. Я помню, как познакомился с человеком, который путешествовал по всему миру для Ford Motor Company и часто посещал Беларусь. Он сказал мне, что белорусы были самыми гостеприимными людьми, которых он встречал. Очень часто, будучи незнакомцем, я посещал деревню, и меня спонтанно приглашали в дом на ужин, который всегда был щедрым.

По сравнению с людьми во многих западных странах белорусы не материалистичны. Это не значит, что они не хотят машину, хорошую одежду и хорошую квартиру. Конечно, молодые люди и многие из их старших знакомятся с новыми технологиями и имеют современные мобильные телефоны и компьютеры, но потребительство не приближается по масштабам к тому, что можно найти, скажем, в Европе или Штатах. Не многие люди думают о шопинге как о досуге. Однако со временем это может измениться по мере развития рыночной экономики.

Одна вещь, которая всегда впечатляет иностранных гостей в Беларуси, – это сильное чувство общности. Беларусь – страна, которая на протяжении всей своей истории пережила много трудностей. Люди выжили благодаря своей сети родственников и друзей. На самом деле, мне часто кажется, что между семьей и друзьями проводится мало различий. Где бы мы с женой ни путешествовали по стране, кажется, что мы всегда находим связь с кем-то, кто знает мою жену или ее семью и всегда будет стараться ради нас.

Существует высокое уважение к образованию и культуре. В большинстве домов и квартир, которые я посетил, есть большое количество книг, и разговоры часто ведутся на сложные и интеллектуальные темы. Учителя очень уважают и считают профессионалами. Я посетил много школ и всегда был поражен вежливостью учеников и хорошим порядком, и дисциплиной в классах.

Сельская местность занимает особое место в сердцах белорусов. Несмотря на то, что Беларусь становится все более урбанизированной и индустриализированной, всегда остается связь с сельской жизнью. По выходным весной, летом и ранней осенью Минск, кажется, пустеет, когда горожане разъезжаются по своим дачам. Они огородничают, ловят рыбу, а те, кто посмелее, собирают грибы. В каждой городской квартире, кажется, есть запас консервов, щедрость их дачных или загородных садов родственников. Разделение между городом и сельской местностью, которое наблюдается в других странах, в Беларуси не кажется таким резким.

Я затронул лишь несколько моментов, на мой взгляд, которые делают Беларусь и белорусов особенными. Есть гораздо больше, но для описания этого потребовалась бы целая книга.

Франклин Шварц

Group B

To be completely honest, when I was first approached to write some words about the character traits of Belarusian people I was not too happy to do so; the primary reason being that I dislike it when people categorise and stereotype others due to the colour of their skin, their religious beliefs or nationality. To say someone has a certain set of characteristics due to the boundaries they were born within is like saying Prince William, David Beckham, (Sir) Elton John, Amy Winehouse (RIP) and myself are all alike simply because we are English! Yet, despite my concerns, here I am attempting to give my best, unbiased, character analysis of the majority of Belarusians I have come into contact with during my time in this country.

In order to comment upon the average Belarusian’s character, I feel that I need to divide it into three categories: 1. General; 2. Socialising with friends or spending time with family; 3. Workplace environment. The reasoning for this is that I believe there are some characteristics which most Belarusian people possess, probably due to the economic situation within the country during Soviet times and at present, combined with the fact that it seems to me many people in this country have two different personalities – one for at home and when socialising with friends or family, with another reserved for use within their workplace.

If I were to be limited to just one overall characteristic with which to describe Belarusians it would be ‘resourceful’. The next adjective I would choose is ‘peaceful’. I rarely see anyone lose their temper and feel very safe on the streets here, even at night. This is a stark contrast to inner-cities in my homeland. One other characteristic which I feel most share is that of being quite careful with their money in their day to day life, which is to be expected given the average wage in comparison to the cost of living.

From my experience, this carefulness is definitely forgotten when Belarusians are celebrating a special occasion, such as New Year or a birthday, and when entertaining guests. Indeed, when these events occur I have always found the people here to be extremely generous. Also, when socialising, Belarusians are fun-loving, outgoing, humorous and friendly. Every time I go out socialising I am approached by strangers who wish to chat with me.

However, this openness and cheerfulness is kept well hidden by almost everyone when moving around the city, and especially so when shopping or travelling on public transport! But the worst seems to occur in the workplace. Many people, who I am certain are happy, cheerful and helpful when at home or with friends, become rude and unhelpful when at work, something I have experienced from check-out girls to civil servants. I feel that all this leads to a lack of customer service within this country, no matter what that service may be. An exception to this is those who chose their profession more because of a desire to care for others than as a means to earn money, such as kindergarten teachers and doctors. Having said all of this, I do also believe that the majority of Belarusians are very professional and hard-working; they certainly spend far more hours in the workplace than their British counterparts!

On a personal level, I fully enjoy the company of Belarusian people. With very few exceptions, I find the people here to be open, warm-hearted, fun-loving and intelligent. I have also found the sense-of-humour of the majority of locals to be very similar to that of my own. Belarusians are generally very welcoming and hospitable to foreigners. I fully enjoy meeting new people and teaching here. The younger generation, especially, are always eager to learn as much as they can about different cultures and to embrace new ideas.

Ian Gowman

Если быть до конца честным, когда ко мне впервые обратились с просьбой написать несколько слов о чертах характера белорусского народа, я был не слишком рад этому; основная причина в том, что мне не нравится, когда люди классифицируют и стереотипизируют других из-за цвета их кожи, их религиозных убеждений или национальности. Сказать, что у кого-то есть определенный набор характеристик из-за границ, в которых он родился, все равно что сказать, что принц Уильям, Дэвид Бекхэм, (сэр) Элтон Джон, Эми Уайнхаус и я все похожи просто потому, что мы англичане! Тем не менее, несмотря на мои опасения, здесь я пытаюсь дать свой лучший, непредвзятый анализ характера большинства белорусов, с которыми я общался за время моего пребывания в этой стране.

Чтобы прокомментировать характер среднестатистического белоруса, я чувствую, что мне нужно разделить его на три категории: 1. Общие; 2. Общение с друзьями или времяпровождение с семьей; 3. Обстановка на рабочем месте. Причина этого в том, что я считаю, что некоторые характеристики, которыми обладает большинство белорусских людей, вероятно, из-за экономической ситуации в стране в советское время и в настоящее время, и сочетании с тем фактом, что, как мне кажется, у многих людей в этой стране есть две разные личности – одна для дома и общения с друзьями или семьей, а другая предназначена для использования на рабочем месте.

Если бы я ограничился только одной общей характеристикой, с помощью которой можно было бы описать белорусов, это было бы "находчивый". Следующее прилагательное, которое я бы выбрал, – "мирный". Я редко вижу, чтобы кто-то выходил из себя и чувствовал себя здесь в полной безопасности на улицах, даже ночью. Это разительный контраст с внутренними городами моей родины. Еще одна характеристика, которую я здесь больше всего разделяю, – это то, что они очень бережно относятся к своим деньгам в повседневной жизни, чего и следовало ожидать, учитывая среднюю заработную плату по сравнению со стоимостью жизни.

По моему опыту, эта осторожность определенно забывается, когда белорусы празднуют какое-то особое событие, например, Новый год или день рождения, и когда развлекают гостей. Действительно, когда происходят такие события, я всегда нахожу здешних людей чрезвычайно щедрыми. Кроме того, в общении белорусы веселы, общительны, с чувством юмора и очень дружелюбны. Каждый раз, когда я выхожу пообщаться, ко мне подходят незнакомые люди, которые хотят со мной поболтать.

Однако эта открытость и жизнерадостность хорошо скрывается почти всеми при передвижении по городу, и особенно во время покупок или поездок на общественном транспорте! Но самое худшее, похоже, происходит на рабочем месте. Многие люди, которые, я уверен, счастливы, жизнерадостны и услужливы дома или с друзьями, становятся грубыми и неуслужливыми на работе, что я испытал от девушек в аэропорту до государственных служащих. Я чувствую, что все это приводит к отсутствию обслуживания клиентов в этой стране, независимо от того, какой может быть эта услуга. Исключением из этого являются те, кто выбрал свою профессию больше из-за желания заботиться о других, чем как средство заработать деньги, например, воспитатели детских садов и врачи. Сказав все это, я также верю, что большинство белорусов очень профессиональны и трудолюбивы; они, безусловно, проводят на рабочем месте гораздо больше часов, чем их британские коллеги!

На личном уровне я полностью наслаждаюсь обществом белорусского народа. За очень немногими исключениями, я нахожу людей здесь открытыми, сердечными, веселыми и умными. Я также обнаружил, что чувство юмора большинства местных жителей очень похоже на мое собственное. Белорусы, как правило, очень приветливы и гостеприимны по отношению к иностранцам. Мне очень нравится знакомиться с новыми людьми и преподавать здесь. Особенно молодое поколение всегда стремится узнать как можно больше о различных культурах и воспринять новые идеи.

Иэн Гоуман

c) (p. 285) Talk to your partner and find out the similarities and differences in describing Belarusian character traits in both texts.
Поговорите со своим партнером и выясните сходства и различия в описании черт белорусского характера в обоих текстах.

2. а) В парах прочитайте один из текстов ниже. Каждый из вас прочитает отдельный текст (А или В). Составьте список черт характера, упомянутых авторами. Сравните со своим списком. Что вызывает у вас гордость? Что вас ранит?

б) Прочитайте текст еще раз и заполните таблицу.

в) Поговорите со своим партнером и выясните сходства и различия в описании черт белорусского характера в обоих текстах.

Ответ:

Перевод: