Номер 2, страница 92, часть 1 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Демченко, Бушуева

2. a. Listen and read about modern pollution part by part. Write a title for each paragraph. Compare with the rest of the class.

1. Air pollution became a more serious problem in the middle of the 20^th century when a great number of cars appeared on the roads. Exhaust fumes, or emissions from cars, release gases and dust particles that attack our lungs and nervous system.

Pollutants such as sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides mix with the water vapour and fall as acid rain, which poisons forests and plants, water and fish in it.

One of the major gases in the polluted atmosphere, carbon dioxide, is partially absorbed by the oceans, making the ocean water acidic. It destroys corals, shellfish, and many species of plankton. The change in water chemistry also impacts (affects) other organisms, which can change radically the entire ecosystem of the oceans.

Exhaust (fumes) [ɪg'zɔːst] (n. uncount.) – gases or steam produced by an engine as it works (exhaust fumes / gases / emissions [ɪmɪʃ(ə)nz]).

Acid ['æsɪd] (n. count. / uncount.) – a liquid chemical containing hydrogen that has a pH of less than seven.;

Acidic [ə'sɪdɪk] (adj.) – containing acid.

Impact [ɪmpækt] (v. trans. / intrans.) – to have an effect on someone or something; impact ['ɪmpækt] (n. count.) – an effect, or an influence.

2. In 1985, scientists from the British Antarctic Survey discovered a hole in the ozone layer that protects the planet from the Sun’s ultraviolet [,ʌltrə'vaɪəlɛt] radiation. Chemicals used in air conditioners, refrigerators and aerosol sprays called chlorofluorocarbons¹ [klɔːrəʊ'flʊərəʊ'kɑːbənz] (CFCs) had gradually depleted the ozone layer, creating a hole above Antarctica.

Deplete [dɪ'pliːt] (v. trans.) – to reduce the amount of something.

3. Another recent problem is land (soil) pollution by synthetic herbicides and pesticides [ɪn'sɛktɪsaɪdz] like DDT, that swept the globe after World War II. DDT helped combat typhus and malaria, but because it was not biodegradable, it accumulated in the environment, killing off bird populations and causing premature² births.

Herbicide ['hɜːbɪsaɪd] (n. count. / uncount.) – a chemical used for killing weeds (plants that are not wanted).

Pesticide ['pestɪsaɪd] (n. count. / uncount.) – a chemical used for killing insects, especially those that damage crops; also insecticide [ɪn'sektɪsaɪd].

Biodegradable [,baɪəʊdɪ'greɪdəb(ə)l] (adj.) – biodegradable substances can be separated into very small parts by bacteria so that they are not harmful to the environment.

4. And last, but not least. Fossil fuels are not easily accessible. Some of the greatest deposits exist under deep seas, in delicate Arctic habitats and underneath the rainforest. One of the most recent fossil fuels to be commercially exploited, tar sand, occurs within the forests and wetlands of North America. Extracting fossil fuels inevitably causes habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity [,baɪəʊdaɪ'vɜːsɪtɪ].

Accessible [ək'sesəb(ə)l] (adj.) – easy for anyone to obtain (get) and use; access (to) ['ækses] (n. uncount.); access something (v. trans.).

Deposit [dɪ'pɒzɪt] (n. count.) – a layer of a metal or another substance that has formed in soil or rock.

Extract [ɪk'strækt] (v. trans.) – to obtain (get) a substance from something using an industrial or a chemical process.

b. Look through the texts again, read the definitions of the words in bold and guess their meaning. Check with the class.

2. a. Прослушайте и прочитайте о современном загрязнении по частям. Напишите заголовок для каждого абзаца. Сравните с остальными в классе.

Ответ:

1. Air and Water Pollution

2. The Ozone Layer Depletion

3. Land and Soil Pollution

4. Fossil Fuels and Habitat Destruction

Перевод:

1. Загрязнение воздуха и воды

2. Истощение озонового слоя

3. Загрязнение земли и почвы

4. Ископаемое топливо и разрушение среды обитания