Номер 2, страница 100, часть 1 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Демченко, Бушуева

2. a. Read about the possible impacts of people's activities on climate in the future and pay attention to the forms in bold.

The 2015 Paris Agreement set an aim to keep the global average temperature rise well below 2 °C compared to pre-industrial levels. We have seen in the previous lesson that humanity is rapidly approaching this red line.

The choices we will make now and in the next few decades will determine how much the planet's temperature will rise. While we are not exactly sure how fast or how much the Earth's average temperature will rise, we know that:

1. the average temperature around the world will have increased by about 4 °C by the middle of the 21^st century, unlike earlier predictions about the year 2100;

2. if people keep adding greenhouse gases into the atmosphere at the current rate, they will have been living in a much warmer climate for a few decades by the year 2100.

b. Analyse the forms in bold. Answer the questions. Go to page 171 / 189 to read more.

1. What do they mean? 2. What's their function? 3. How are they formed? 4. How are the tenses called? 5. What word-signals are used in these tenses?

c. Speak about the possible consequences of climate change, using the scheme below. Follow the example.

Example: If we don't stop global warming, by the year 2025 the global temperature will have increased by 0.8 °C, so a lot of animal species will have become extinct, heatwaves will have become more common ... Thus, by the year 2100 people will have been living without ... / will have been suffering from ...
By 2030 – up to 1 °C; by 2040 – up to 2 °C; by 2050 – up to 3 °C; by 2060 – up to 4 °C.

Global warming impacts

PERMAFROST MELTS. GASES RELEASED

MOST OF THE WORLD UNINHABITABLE

TSUNAMIS

EARTH HOTTER THAN IN 55 MILLIONS YEARS

MASS EXTINCTION

1/3 RD OF BANGLADESH UNDER WATER

MILLIONS OF REFUGEES

UP 4°C

ENVIRONMENTAL REFUGEES

FOOD SHORTAGES

AMAZON COLLAPSES

GREENLAND MELTS

POLAR BEARS EXTINCT

WATER SUPPLY AFFECTED

DEPRESSED?

PREDICTIONS FOR 100 YEARS

WARMED BY 0.8°C-EFFECTS

GLOBAL WARMING WORSE THAN

WAR

FAMINE

PLAGUE

GLOBAL NUCLEAR WAR

HEATWAVES

OCEANS WARMING

ARCTIC ICECAP MELTING

SEA LEVELS RISING

INCREASED EARTHQUAKES

EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS

SPECIES EXTINCTION

RARE SPECIES EXTINCT

CORAL REEFS DESTROYED

ISLAND NATIONS UNDER WATER

UP 1°C

UP 2°C

UP 3°C

UP 5°C

UP 6°C

d. In pairs or in groups, discuss the predictions above, which were made at the turn of the millennium. Today, the global temperature has increased by 1.2 °C. Which of them have come true?

b. Проанализируйте выделенные жирным шрифтом формы. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Что они означают? 2. Какова их функция? 3. Как они образуются? 4. Как называются эти времена? 5. Какие слова-сигналы используются с этими временами?

c. Расскажите о возможных последствиях изменения климата, используя схему ниже. Следуйте примеру.

d. В парах или группах обсудите приведенные выше прогнозы, которые были сделаны на рубеже тысячелетий. Сегодня глобальная температура повысилась на 1.2 °C. Какие из них сбылись?

Ответ:

b.

1. will have increased means the action of increasing will be completed by a certain point in the future. will have been living means an action will be in progress for a period of time up to a certain point in the future.

2. Their function is to describe actions that will be completed or will have been in progress before another point or action in the future.

3. will have increased is formed with will + have + past participle. will have been living is formed with will + have + been + verb-ing.

4. They are called the Future Perfect Simple and the Future Perfect Continuous.

5. Word-signals include phrases with by (e.g., by the year 2100, by the time, by then) and phrases with for indicating duration (e.g., for a few decades).

c.

Following the scheme, if we don't reduce emissions, by the year 2040 the global temperature will have increased by up to 2°C. Consequently, Greenland will have started to melt, many polar bears will have become extinct, and water supplies in many regions will have been affected.

d.

With a global temperature increase of 1.2°C, the predictions for a 1°C rise have likely come true. These include: oceans warming, Arctic ice cap melting, sea levels rising, extreme weather events becoming more frequent, species extinction, and coral reefs being destroyed. Some island nations are also already experiencing being underwater.

Перевод:

b.

1. will have increased (увеличится) означает, что действие по увеличению будет завершено к определенному моменту в будущем. will have been living (будут жить) означает, что действие будет продолжаться в течение определенного периода времени до определенного момента в будущем.

2. Их функция — описывать действия, которые будут завершены или будут продолжаться до другого момента или действия в будущем.

3. will have increased образуется с помощью will + have + причастие прошедшего времени. will have been living образуется с помощью will + have + been + глагол-ing.

4. Они называются Future Perfect Simple (Будущее совершенное простое) и Future Perfect Continuous (Будущее совершенное длительное).

5. Слова-сигналы включают фразы с предлогом by (например, by the year 2100 — к 2100 году, by the time — к тому времени, by then — к тому моменту) и фразы с for, указывающие на продолжительность (например, for a few decades — в течение нескольких десятилетий).

c.

Следуя схеме, если мы не сократим выбросы, к 2040 году глобальная температура повысится до 2°C. Вследствие этого Гренландия начнет таять, многие белые медведи вымрут, а водоснабжение во многих регионах пострадает.

d.

При повышении глобальной температуры на 1.2°C прогнозы для повышения на 1°C, скорее всего, сбылись. К ним относятся: потепление океанов, таяние ледяной шапки Арктики, повышение уровня моря, более частые экстремальные погодные явления, вымирание видов и разрушение коралловых рифов. Некоторые островные государства также уже сталкиваются с затоплением.