Номер 2, страница 126, часть 1 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Демченко, Бушуева

2. a. Discuss with your partner.

1. What is parliamentary democracy? 2. What does MP stand for? 3. What is National Assembly?

b. Read the article and check your guesses.

The United Kingdom is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch as Head of State. The head of government is the prime minister, who serves in the name of the monarch. The United Kingdom does not have a written constitution.

The Monarch is the official Head of State, but she rules symbolically. So, although the monarch “opens” the parliament each year and laws are passed in their name, the Monarch plays no part in determining decisions made in the parliament. They have the final say on whether a bill becomes law. The last monarch to reject a law that was wanted by both Houses of Parliament was Queen Anne (1665–1714).

But the real legislative power rests with the parliament. The business of parliament takes place in two Houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Both Houses of Parliament hold debates in which members of parliament (MPs) discuss government policy, proposed legislation and current issues.

The House of Lords is made up of people who have inherited family titles and those who have been given titles because of their outstanding work in their field. There are 675 members of the House of Lords called peers. The principle behind British democracy is that the people elect members of parliament to the House of Commons in London at a general election, held no more than five years apart. Most MPs belong to a political party, and the party with the largest number of MPs in the House of Commons forms the government and runs the country. Each MP represents one of 650 constituencies (areas) in the UK and is a member of a political party, such as the New Labour or the Conservative party.

The parliament is an essential part of UK politics. Its main roles are:

• examining and challenging the work of the government (scrutiny);
• debating and passing all laws (legislation);
• enabling the government to raise taxes.

For the first time since 1707, the Scots now have their own parliament in Edinburgh, the Welsh their own National Assembly in Cardiff and the Irish have their National Assembly in Belfast. It is only England that doesn’t have its own parliament. Issues that affect England are decided by the UK government.

c. Read the text again and guess the meaning of the words in bold.

d. Look through the dictionary entries and check your guesses.

The House of Commons is the part of the parliament in the UK or Canada whose members are elected.

The House of Lords is the part of the parliament in the UK whose members are not elected. It is the higher chamber of the parliament, composed of peers and bishops (senior members of the Christian clergy).

Peers (here) are members of the nobility in Britain or Ireland, comprising the ranks of duke, marquis, earl, viscount, and baron.

A constituency is an area for which someone is elected as the representative in a parliament or government.

A general election is an election where everyone votes for people to represent them in the parliament.

A bill (here) is a draft of a proposed law presented to the parliament for discussion.

2. a. Обсудите с партнером.

1. Что такое парламентская демократия?

2. Как расшифровывается MP?

3. Что такое Национальная Ассамблея?

Ответ:

1. Parliamentary democracy is a system of government where people elect members of parliament. The real legislative power rests with the parliament, which consists of two Houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The party with the largest number of MPs in the House of Commons forms the government.

2. MP stands for Member of Parliament.

3. A National Assembly is a devolved parliament for a specific part of the country. For instance, the Welsh have their own National Assembly in Cardiff and the Irish have their National Assembly in Belfast.

Перевод:

1. Парламентская демократия — это система правления, при которой народ избирает членов парламента. Реальная законодательная власть принадлежит парламенту, который состоит из двух палат: Палаты общин и Палаты лордов. Партия с наибольшим количеством членов парламента в Палате общин формирует правительство.

2. MP расшифровывается как Member of Parliament (Член парламента).

3. Национальная Ассамблея — это делегированный парламент для определенной части страны. Например, у валлийцев есть своя Национальная Ассамблея в Кардиффе, а у ирландцев — своя Национальная Ассамблея в Белфасте.