Номер 3, страница 44, часть 2 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Демченко, Бушуева

3. Read the text about the formation of power in the Belarus. Guess the meaning of the words in bold.

Belarus is a presidential republic. According to the Constitution, the President of Belarus is the country’s head of state, who guarantees the rights and freedoms of citizens of the Republic of Belarus.

The current president of Belarus is Alexander Lukashenko. He was elected to the post in 1994 and is now serving his sixth term.

The Belarusian President is directly elected by the people of Belarus for a 5-year term of office. Any Belarusian citizen over the age of 18 can vote in the elections.

The National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus consists of two chambers. The deputies of the House of Representatives are all elected by the people of Belarus.

The Council of the Republic is a regional representative body with 64 members.

Local Councils elect a total of 56 members: 8 in each region and 8 in Minsk. The Belarusian President selects the final 8 members.

The Belarusian Government – or the Council of Ministers – is made up of the Prime Minister of Belarus, his deputies, and ministers.

The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and approved by Parliament.

The Government is accountable to the President of the Republic of Belarus and answerable to the Parliament.

Local power is represented by the locally elected Councils of Deputies and executive committees of different levels. Deputies are elected for a 4-year term to deal with local issues and represent the local population in decisions on issues relating to health, education, social welfare, trade, transport within the framework of existing laws.

The court system is represented by:

• the Constitutional Court;

• universal jurisdiction [,dʒuərisˈdɪkʃ(ə)n] courts.

Universal courts in Belarus deal with civil, criminal, administrative and economic cases (дела / справы), as well as cases involving military personnel.

The Constitutional Court is made up of 12 high-level legal experts.

Six of the judges are appointed by the President of Belarus and the other six are elected by the Council of the Republic.

The Presiding Judge of the Court is directly appointed by the President of Belarus with the approval of the Council of the Republic.

The term of office for a Constitutional Court judge is 11 years.

The Constitution is to play a key role in modern Belarus. The current Constitution was adopted on 15 March 1994 by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus and it was amended in 1996, 2004, and 2022 in national referendums on Constitution. It is also known as the Fundamental Law of the State and is the 5^th Constitution in Belarusian history. The main principles of the Constitution are the rule of law, guarantees and respect for human and civil rights, and the democratic procedure of forming public authorities through vote and elections.

3. Прочитайте текст о формировании власти в Беларуси. Угадайте значение слов, выделенных жирным шрифтом.

Ответ:

elected - chosen by voting.

5-year term of office - a period of five years for which a person holds a job or position in government.

vote - to express your choice or opinion, especially by officially writing a mark on a paper or using a machine.

regional representative body - an organization that represents a specific area or region.

Council of Ministers - a group of senior government officials, headed by a prime minister.

Prime Minister - the head of an elected government.

appointed - officially chosen for a job or position.

approved - officially agreed to or accepted as satisfactory.

accountable - required or expected to justify actions or decisions; responsible.

Councils of Deputies - groups of elected representatives at the local level.

executive committees - groups of people who manage the affairs of an organization or government at the local level.

4-year term - a period of four years.

universal jurisdiction - the principle that allows national courts to try cases of the most serious crimes against international law, regardless of where the crime was committed.

civil - relating to private relations between members of a community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs.

criminal - relating to crime.

administrative and economic cases - legal disputes related to the administration of public bodies and economic activities.

12 high-level legal experts - twelve highly qualified and experienced specialists in law.

Presiding Judge - the judge in charge of a particular court or case.

11 years - a period of eleven years.

Fundamental Law of the State - the main and most important law of a country, the constitution.

Перевод:

elected - избранный путем голосования.

5-year term of office - пятилетний срок полномочий, в течение которого лицо занимает должность или пост в правительстве.

vote - выражать свой выбор или мнение, в частности, путем официального проставления отметки на бумаге или использования машины.

regional representative body - региональный представительный орган.

Council of Ministers - группа высших государственных чиновников во главе с премьер-министром.

Prime Minister - глава избранного правительства.

appointed - назначенный на должность или пост.

approved - одобренный; официально согласованный или принятый как удовлетворительный.

accountable - подотчетный; обязанный или от которого ожидают отчета за свои действия или решения.

Councils of Deputies - советы депутатов; группы избранных представителей на местном уровне.

executive committees - исполнительные комитеты; группы людей, которые управляют делами организации или правительства на местном уровне.

4-year term - четырехлетний срок.

universal jurisdiction - универсальная юрисдикция; принцип, позволяющий национальным судам рассматривать дела о наиболее тяжких преступлениях против международного права, независимо от места совершения преступления.

civil - гражданский; относящийся к частным отношениям между членами общества, а не к уголовным, военным или религиозным делам.

criminal - уголовный; относящийся к преступлению.

administrative and economic cases - административные и экономические дела; судебные споры, связанные с управлением государственными органами и экономической деятельностью.

12 high-level legal experts - 12 высокопоставленных экспертов в области права.

Presiding Judge - председательствующий судья; судья, возглавляющий определенный суд или дело.

11 years - 11 лет.

Fundamental Law of the State - Основной Закон государства; главный и самый важный закон страны, конституция.