Номер 2, страница 18, часть 1 - гдз по английскому языку 11 класс учебник Демченко, Бушуева

2. a. Read the article about contemporary families in the US and match the headings to the parts of the article.

a) Children's living arrangements;
b) A change in cultural values;
c) Gender ['dʒendə] roles;
d) Views on marriage;
e) Family size.

1. The family life in the US is changing. The classic nuclear family consisting of mum, dad and kids with extended family living separately has been left behind.

Marriage is still regarded as a meaningful and highly valued institution and 90% of couples are satisfied with their family life, but the views on marriage are changing. 48.2% of households are run by married couples. At the same time, the share of single-person households has increased five times since 1960 and now people living alone make up 11.1% of the population. The number of Americans choosing to not marry also has risen during that same period. In 2019, 35% of men and 30% of women had never been married. More Americans are marrying later in life. According to the U.S.¹ Census Bureau, the average age of first marriage in 2019 was 29.8 for men and 28 for women. Only 30% of millennials feel that a successful marriage is an important part of life.

The divorce rates are falling, but not because marriages are becoming stronger and more stable. Some sociologists explain it by the fact that most young American adults now cohabit with their partner instead of moving in with them at marriage.

2. Parents today are raising their children in diverse family forms. Less than half (46%) of all children are living in a family with two married parents in their first marriage, while in 1960 there were 73% of such children. About 9% of children are living in a household with parents who married and have a step-parent, step-sibling or half-sibling and 7% are living with cohabiting parents. One fourth of children under 18 (26%) are now living with one parent only. The share of orphans stands at 5%; most of these children are being raised by grandparents. Because of cohabitation, divorce and remarriage family living arrangements have also become less stable and the structure of a family can change a few times while a child is growing.

3. The average number of people in a family is 3.15. The size of the nuclear family has become smaller now, both because of the growth of single-parent households and the drop in the number of children in a family. Only 10% of households have three or more kids. Nowadays, Americans are waiting longer to start a family: the average age is 26.4 for mothers and 31 for fathers. To a great degree it depends on their education – women with college degrees have children seven years later than those without.

4. American society has traditionally viewed men as breadwinners of the family and women as homemakers and primary caretakers of children. However, such attitudes have changed since the mid-20^th century. Family life has been greatly affected by the movement of more and more mothers into the workforce. Now, only 29% of women who have children under 18 are stay-at-home mums. The more education a mother has, the more likely she is to work. In 2012, it became more common for the wife to have more education than the husband. Today, 40% of families with children under 18 at home include breadwinner mums.

Women make up more than half of today's workforce and they still take on the bigger part of care and household chores within the family because people's attitudes to gender roles at home have remained more traditional. American women spend about 4 hours a day on unpaid work, compared with about 2.5 hours for men.

5. The cultural emphasis on independence also sees many elderly Americans choose to live alone rather than with the younger generations of their family. However, in recent years, the share of extended family households has increased to 17%. There is also a general social expectation that children leave home within a few years of finishing high school or college. Still, according to a recent study, about one fifth of young adults (aged 18–34) lived with their parents in 2018.

b. Find the words in bold in ex. 2a that mean the following:

a) to live together without being married;
b) to have children;
c) having a great variety;
d) a child who has lost both parents;
e) not one's biological parent;
f) living as a couple without being married.

2. a. Прочитайте статью о современных семьях в США и сопоставьте заголовки с частями статьи.

Ответ:

1 - d) Views on marriage

2 - a) Children's living arrangements

3 - e) Family size

4 - c) Gender roles

5 - b) A change in cultural values

Перевод:

1 - d) Взгляды на брак

2 - a) Условия проживания детей

3 - e) Размер семьи

4 - c) Гендерные роли

5 - b) Изменение культурных ценностей

2. b. Найдите в упр. 2а выделенные жирным шрифтом слова, которые имеют следующие значения:

Ответ:

a) cohabit

b) start a family

c) diverse

d) orphans

e) step-parent

f) cohabitation

Перевод:

a) сожительствовать

b) завести семью

c) разнообразный

d) сироты

e) отчим/мачеха

f) сожительство